selfpost/docs/schema-migrations.md

SQLite schema and migrations

What this file is. A living reference for the embedded SQLite schema: the 2.0 baseline, the migrations added after it, and how a database is opened. When you add or review a migration, update this file in the same change.

Source of truth in code: internal/store/migrations/*.sql, applied by internal/store/store.go (migrate()).

Related: architecture.md § Persistence; plans/panel-redesign.md § No compatibility; development.md § Documentation.

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Current snapshot

Field	Value
Chain head	user_version = 13
Files	0001_init.sql (the 2.0 baseline), 0002_inbound_spam_log.sql, 0003_send_log_lines.sql, 0004_notifications.sql, 0005_send_log_rejected_index.sql, 0006_sender_check.sql, 0007_delivery_log_days.sql, 0008_tenant_boundary.sql, 0009_refusal_line.sql, 0010_send_log_indexes.sql, 0011_notify_addressees.sql, 0012_inbound_upstream.sql
File mark	PRAGMA application_id = 0x53503230 ("SP20")
Database file	/data/selfpost.db (bind mount)
Compatibility	2.x MINOR releases must boot a 2.0.0 data directory. Nothing is carried over from 1.x.

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2.0 starts from an empty data directory

Decided by the owner on 2026-09-21: the redesign is a breaking release, the 1.x migration chain (0001 … 0010, with its admin table created in the first file and dropped in the fifth) is deleted from the binary, and there is no upgrade path. The only live 1.x installation is the owner's and is set up again on 2.0. The 1.x chain stays in git history (last present at 1.9.5).

What that means in practice:

• A fresh /data gets the baseline and nothing else.
• A 1.x database is refused, not migrated. store.Open returns ErrForeignSchema for a file that has a schema version but not the 2.x application_id. Without that check a 1.x file at user_version = 10 would read as "already migrated" and the panel would start on tables it does not know. The file is not modified. The same applies to restoring a 1.x full backup into a 2.0 container.
• A database whose version is higher than the build knows is refused too.
• Domains can still be carried by hand: a 1.x domain export (JSON, with the DKIM key and applications) imports into 2.0 — the transfer format is not the database.

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How migrations run

1. Migrations are embedded at build time (//go:embed migrations/*.sql).
2. Filenames are sorted lexicographically; file order = version number.
3. PRAGMA user_version records progress: after file i (0-based), version is i + 1.
4. Each pending migration runs in its own transaction, then bumps user_version.
5. There is no down-migration; fixes ship as a new 00NN_*.sql file.

Implication: once 2.0.0 is released, 0001_init.sql is never edited again and no file is deleted, renamed or reordered — every 2.x database has already run it. 2.0.0 and 2.0.1 shipped with the baseline alone; the features after them add files, the first being 0002_inbound_spam_log.sql of inbound-antispam-panel (2.1.0), then 0003_send_log_lines.sql of delivery-log-storage (2.2.0), 0004_notifications.sql and 0005_send_log_rejected_index.sql of panel-notifications (2.3.0), and 0006_sender_check.sql of from-header-binding (2.4.0), and 0007_delivery_log_days.sql and 0008_tenant_boundary.sql of the 2026-10-12 audit (2.5.0), 0009_refusal_line.sql (2.5.1) and 0010_send_log_indexes.sql (2.5.3) and 0011_notify_addressees.sql (2.5.4), and 0012_inbound_upstream.sql of inbound-upstream-result (2.10.0).

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Migration chain

Ver	File	Shipped	Kind	Summary
1	0001_init.sql	2.0.0	DDL	The whole 2.0 schema, below
2	0002_inbound_spam_log.sql	2.1.0	DDL	inbound_spam_log, inbound_spam_list and two indexes; nothing existing changes
3	0003_send_log_lines.sql	2.2.0	DDL	send_log_lines and one index; nothing existing changes
4	0004_notifications.sql	2.3.0	DDL	users.notify (default 1: every user starts with notifications on) and notify_state
5	0005_send_log_rejected_index.sql	2.3.0	DDL	idx_send_log_rejected, a partial index of the refused rows of send_log by time; a file of its own because the test installation had run 0004 before the review asked for it
6	0006_sender_check.sql	2.4.0	DDL	send_log.reason and send_log.header_from (both default '': a row refused earlier keeps no reason), and sender_check_days
7	0007_delivery_log_days.sql	2.5.0	DDL	delivery_log_days: what the reconcile sweep and the log tailer did, a row per UTC day, kept a year, shown nowhere - the measurement that decides the sweep's fate (audit 2026-10-12, stage 1). send_log.reason gains the values reconcile and reconcile-contradicted without a schema change
8	0008_tenant_boundary.sql	2.5.0	DDL + data	idx_applications_login_nocase: an application login is unique without regard to case (audit 2026-10-12, H4). send_log.domain_id and inbound_spam_log.inbound_domain_id (ON DELETE SET NULL), each with an index, filled once by name from the registry as it was then: a row belongs to a domain by id, and a domain deleted and added again starts with an empty log (L12)
9	0009_refusal_line.sql	2.5.1	DDL	send_log.refusal_line: Postfix's line about a refusal at MAIL FROM (a level-2 limit, a client address off the list), which has no queue id; the log tailer puts it on the row, found by send_log.client_ip, the client the refusal came from; send_log.recovered, a refusal row the tailer wrote from mail.log because the panel stopped before writing it; sender_check_days.messages (messages deferred mid-message, counted apart from the connections turned away) and sender_check_days.estimated (a day whose downtime is an upper bound) (audit 2026-10-12, stage 2b)
10	0010_send_log_indexes.sql	2.5.3	DDL	Four indexes of send_log, each for a question that walked the table or sorted a domain's log (audit 2026-10-12, M2, stage 3): idx_send_log_open, partial, the queued and deferred rows by time (the tailer's sweep every 5 min); idx_send_log_domain_id and idx_send_log_app_login, a page of one domain's or one application's log in id order; idx_send_log_refusal_line, partial, whether a refusal line is already on a row. TestSendLogQueriesUseTheirIndexes checks the plans of these and of the other by-time and by-scope statements the store runs
11	0011_notify_addressees.sql	2.5.4	DDL	notify_addressees (key, address, told_at): who a subject's notification is owed to and who was handed it, so a copy that failed or was held back by the hourly ceiling goes out at a later check and a subject's end goes to those told (audit 2026-10-12, stage 4); deleted with its notify_state row
12	0012_inbound_upstream.sql	2.10.0	DDL	inbound_spam_log gains queue_id, upstream_status ('', queued, held, sent, deferred, bounced; CHECK), upstream_relay, upstream_reply and upstream_at, and the partial index idx_inbound_spam_log_queue_id on rows that have a queue id: what the upstream answered about mail accepted on port 25, put on the row by the log tailer (inbound-upstream-result). Rows from before have none
13	0013_email_links.sql	2.14.0	DDL	users.email_confirmed_at ('' for every address saved before it: all unconfirmed) and user_links, the one-time links that confirm an address and reset a password, with idx_user_links_user (password-reset; owner, 2026-10-13 and 2026-10-17)

Kind: DDL — schema only; data — INSERT/UPDATE that must stay correct for operators upgrading from older 2.x images.

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Schema at head

Table	Role
settings	Key/value settings of the instance — what is true whoever is signed in (send-log retention). Nothing that belongs to a user
users	Panel logins. role is global or domain; email is the user's own address; notify is the user's own switch for notification e-mails (v4); all_domains / all_inbound_domains widen a domain user to every domain of that direction; email_confirmed_at is when email was confirmed, '' while it is not, cleared when it changes (v13)
user_links	The one-time links of password-reset (v13): the SHA-256 of the token, the user, purpose (confirm, reset; CHECK), the address it was sent to, when, and until when; one live link per user and purpose
sessions	Panel login sessions (token hash, owning user by id and deleted with them, sliding idle expiry)
domains	Sending (outbound) domains. dmarc_rua is where aggregate reports go ('' = no reports)
user_domains	Outbound domains assigned to a domain user
applications	SASL applications per domain, with the client-IP restriction (auth_ip_restrict, auth_allowed_ips)
application_addresses	Explicit From addresses (list mode)
rate_limits	Level-2 limits per domain / application, manual or auto
send_log	Delivery journal. reason says why a row was refused (limit, client, from, and sender since 2.8.0) or that the sweep closed it (reconcile, reconcile-contradicted), header_from what the From: or Sender: line of a message refused for it said (v6), refusal_line, client_ip and recovered (v9), and domain_id (v8: the row belongs to a domain by id, ON DELETE SET NULL)
logtail_state	Log-tailer read position
inbound_domains	Inbound relay domains
inbound_transports	Upstream host / port / TLS per inbound domain
inbound_recipients	Allow-list when recipient_mode = list
user_inbound_domains	Inbound domains assigned to a domain user — granted separately from the outbound ones
dmarc_reports	Parsed aggregate report summaries
dmarc_report_records	Per-source rows inside a report
inbound_spam_log	Inbound antispam journal: one row per recipient of a message offered on port 25, with the decision (accept, reject, tempfail, quarantine) and who made it (rspamd, postfix, selfpost). Metadata only (v2). inbound_domain_id (v8) ties a row to its domain by id; queue_id and upstream_status, upstream_relay, upstream_reply, upstream_at (v12) are what the upstream answered for an accepted message
inbound_spam_list	Allow / deny entries for the external filter (address, domain, ip), instance-wide; unique per list (v2)
notify_state	What the panel has already written to its users about, one row per subject (dns:<domain>, cert, queue, limit:<domain>), so that each thing is said once and a restart says nothing again (v4)
sender_check_days	What the sender check costs, a row per day of the container's zone (TZ) that has something to say: seconds the panel did not answer while Postfix ran, connections turned away (deferred), messages deferred mid-message (messages), and whether the day's downtime is an upper bound (estimated). Kept a year (v6, v9)
delivery_log_days	What the reconcile sweep and the log tailer did, a row per day of the container's zone, kept a year. Read off a copy of the database; no page shows it (v7)
notify_addressees	Who a subject's notification is owed to and whether each was handed it; goes with the subject's notify_state row (v11)
send_log_lines	The mail.log lines Postfix wrote under a queue id, with the line's own time; what a message's page shows once the log has rotated. No reference to send_log: a line belongs to a row by queue id and time, and goes when no row carries its id (v3)

TestBaselineSchema (internal/store/schema_test.go) pins every table, column and index of this list; TestOpenMigratesA20Database opens a database that holds the baseline alone.

What changed against the last 1.x schema

1.x	2.0	Why
admin created in 0001, dropped in 0005	never exists	the reason for the squash
users.role = global / domain_admin	global / domain	the role is a reach, not a rank — everyone in the panel is an administrator
users.dmarc_report_email	users.email	a user's e-mail is theirs; it is what the panel writes to, and a domain's report address can be filled with it
instance setting dmarc_report_email (mirror of the global user's field); domains.dmarc_rua NULL = inherit the instance default	domains.dmarc_rua alone: the address, '' = no reports	a domain's report address is one of three explicit choices — no reports, hosted, a typed address; nothing is inherited and no user's default exists (2026-10-10)
—	user_inbound_domains	inbound is delegated per user, separately from outbound
—	users.all_domains, users.all_inbound_domains	"All" includes domains added later
rate_limits.allowed_ips (unused since 1.9.0)	gone	client IPs belong to the application (auth_allowed_ips)

Where a domain's DMARC reports go

domains.dmarc_rua is the address itself and the only thing stored; '' means no reports, and it is what a new domain has. The choice shown in Domain settings is derived from it: '' is no reports, the address SelfPost derives for the domain and the server's hostname (dmarc.HostedReportAddress, offered while hosted reports are enabled) is hosted, anything else is an address typed for the domain. Nothing refers to a user: deleting one changes no domain.

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Adding a migration

1. Add internal/store/migrations/00NN_short_name.sql (next number).
2. Update the table in Migration chain, the snapshot at the top, and the affected rows of Schema at head.
3. Update TestBaselineSchema if tables, columns or indexes change, and add a test that opens a database at the previous version and migrates it.
4. A data migration states in a comment which 2.x versions it is written for.