docs: stage 2b of the audit - the log tailer, refusals, the Sender check card

architecture.md
- § Log tailer: the fingerprint carries the inode; a log rotated while the
  panel was down is read from mail.log.1 to its end, or the gap is logged;
  a refusal's line (the queue id of a From: refusal, the NOQUEUE line put on
  a MAIL FROM refusal's row) and the refusal written from mail.log when the
  panel had not.
- § Sender check, what it costs: supervisord asked for half a minute, then
  the estimate and ≈; connections and messages in two columns; the count's
  saved place in the log.

guide.md
- § Outbound log: a refused message's page shows Postfix's line(s); rows
  from before, and a row written from mail.log, say so.
- § Overview and Health: the two columns and ≈.

schema-migrations row 9 was written with the migration. Audit plan line
ticked: stage 2b's lines are all done. Roadmap 30/62.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

docs/architecture.md

@@ -278,7 +278,10 @@ server itself.
   starts without one). At start the time since the mark is the check's
   downtime - counted from Postfix's own start if that was later, and not at
   all when supervisord says Postfix is not running, since mail was then
-  stopped for another reason. The log tailer counts the mail: Postfix
+  stopped for another reason. Supervisord is asked for half a minute; when it
+  does not answer, the time since the mark is taken as an upper bound and the
+  day is marked estimated (`sender_check_days.estimated`), which the card
+  shows as ≈. The log tailer counts the mail: Postfix
   writes a warning naming the socket and then, from the same smtpd process,
   `milter-reject: … 451 4.7.1 Service unavailable` from the connection on
   (the client is told `454 4.3.0` at `AUTH` and leaves), so what is counted
@@ -291,14 +294,17 @@ server itself.
   unix:<socket>: can't read SMFIC_HEADER reply packet header` and refuses the
   message with `4.7.1` (seen on the e2e stand with the panel frozen). One
   cleanup process serves message after message, so each such warning is
-  counted as a message. Both go into
-  `sender_check_days`, a
-  row per UTC day kept a year, and Server › Health shows today, 30 days and
-  12 months. The second figure also sees a panel that is running and not
-  answering, which the mark does not. Downtime is cut at the UTC midnights
-  it crossed. A log read again after an unclean stop does not count again:
-  while the tailer catches up, a warning no later than the last one counted
-  is passed over.
+  counted as a message. The two are counted apart (the owner, 2026-10-14):
+  connections turned away in `deferred`, messages deferred mid-message in
+  `messages` of `sender_check_days`, a row per UTC day kept a year, and
+  Server › Health shows today, 30 days and 12 months in a column each. The
+  counts also see a panel that is running and not answering, which the mark
+  does not. Downtime is cut at the UTC midnights it crossed. A log read again
+  after an unclean stop does not count again: the count and the place in the
+  log it reached (the file's fingerprint and the offset past the line) are
+  saved in one transaction, and while the tailer catches up a warning at or
+  before that place in the same file is passed over - a second warning of
+  the same second is not lost; in another file the time decides.
 - **Why it is not a process of its own.** Decided with the owner: measure
   first. The role has a socket of its own so that the journal stays
   fail-open, and moving it out later changes where it is started and nothing
@@ -396,13 +402,35 @@ name), and a pattern that could start there let a stranger's HELO name file a
 delivery (audit 2026-10-12, M12).
 
 **Read offset is persisted** (`logtail_state` table, in the baseline schema): the
-tailer stores its position plus a fingerprint of the log's first 512 bytes, and
-on start resumes from it, parsing the tail written while the panel was down. If
-the fingerprint no longer matches (rotated or recreated in the meantime) it reads
-the current file from the start; re-parsing lines is harmless because
-`UpdateStatus` writes the same status onto the same row. Only a first-ever start,
-with nothing stored, begins at end-of-file, so installing the panel does not
-replay a pre-existing log.
+tailer stores its position plus a fingerprint of the log - the hash of its first
+512 bytes and the file's device and inode, so two logs that begin alike are two
+files and a renamed file keeps its fingerprint - and on start resumes from it,
+parsing the tail written while the panel was down. If the fingerprint no longer
+matches, the log was rotated in the meantime: the tailer first opens
+`mail.log.1` (left plain by `delaycompress`), and if that is the file the saved
+place belongs to it reads it from there to its end, then the new file from its
+start - what Postfix wrote between the stop and the rotation is not lost. A
+`mail.log.1` that is another file (rotated twice) is logged with the time from
+which nothing was read. Re-parsing lines is harmless because `UpdateStatus`
+writes the same status onto the same row. Only a first-ever start, with nothing
+stored, begins at end-of-file, so installing the panel does not replay a
+pre-existing log.
+
+**A refusal's line, and a refusal the panel did not write.** A message refused
+for its `From:` line has a queue id (cleanup gives one before the headers are
+judged); the sender check writes it on the row, and the message's page shows
+the lines stored under it - only those of the minutes around the refusal, since
+Postfix frees the id at once. A message the journal milter refused at
+`MAIL FROM` has none: the tailer reads smtpd's `NOQUEUE: milter-reject: MAIL
+from …; from=<…>` and puts it on the newest refused row of that sender (and
+login, when the line names it) within two minutes (`send_log.refusal_line`),
+retrying for 30 s when the row is not written yet. The sender check writes its
+row through a buffer after answering 550; a panel stopped in between wrote
+none. The tailer remembers each queue id's login from smtpd's `client=` line,
+and 30 s after cleanup's `milter-reject: END-OF-MESSAGE … 5.7.1 From:` line it
+writes the row from the line if no refused row of that id exists
+(`send_log.recovered`, shown on the page). It reads from its saved offset, so
+a kill is covered as well as a clean stop.
 
 **Queue reconcile** is the backstop for what the log cannot explain at all: a
 row still `queued` more than two minutes after it was accepted, whose queue id

docs/audit-2026-10-12.md

@@ -834,7 +834,7 @@ order - each stands on the one before.
    M13 fix on, not yet deployed when this was decided. The mockup `health`
    and help topic `sender-check` first (`design:` commit), then the page and
    `view/help.go`, word for word. - **Sonnet**
-- [ ] Docs: architecture § Log tailer (the rotated file, the saved place, a
+- [x] Docs: architecture § Log tailer (the rotated file, the saved place, a
    refusal's line and a recovered row), guide § Outbound log and § Health,
    schema-migrations.md for the mark on `sender_check_days`. — **Sonnet**
 

docs/guide.md

@@ -404,14 +404,16 @@ readings, in the order of what stops mail first:
   sockets** (OpenDKIM, the sender check and the journal-milter).
 - **Sender check** — what the strict check of the `From:` line has cost
   today, in the last 30 days and in the last 12 months: for how long the
-  panel did not answer while Postfix was running, and how many messages
-  Postfix deferred because of it (see [Who an application may send
+  panel did not answer while Postfix was running, how many connections
+  Postfix turned away because of it, and how many messages it deferred in
+  the middle (see [Who an application may send
   as](#who-an-application-may-send-as)). A restart of the whole container is
-  not counted: mail was stopped for another reason then. What is counted as
-  a message is a connection Postfix turned away - it refuses before a
-  message is offered - so a monitor that only connects during an outage is
-  counted too; and when the panel hangs instead of stopping, the message it
-  hung on. Days are UTC days. The card warns when
+  not counted: mail was stopped for another reason then. A connection turned
+  away is refused before a message is offered, so a monitor that only
+  connects during an outage is counted too; a message deferred in the middle
+  is one the panel stopped answering for after it had begun. A time marked ≈
+  is at most what it shows: at that start supervisord could not say since
+  when Postfix ran. Days are UTC days. The card warns when
   a message was deferred in the last 24 hours. If these numbers do not stay
   at nothing, the panel is in the way of your mail more than it should be -
   report it.
@@ -1271,7 +1273,11 @@ refused row says why in its tag: `rate-limited` (a [level-2 rate
 limit](#rate-limiting--level-2-domain-and-application)), `wrong client` (the
 application's client IP list) or `wrong From` (see [Who an application may
 send as](#who-an-application-may-send-as)); a row refused before `2.4.0`
-says `rejected`;
+says `rejected`. A refused message's page shows what Postfix wrote about the
+refusal: for `wrong From` the lines of the queue id the message had, for the
+other two the one `NOQUEUE` line; a row refused before `2.5.1` says the line
+was not kept, and one the panel wrote from `mail.log` after a restart - it
+had stopped before writing the refusal itself - says so;
 *Details* opens that row's own page (`/outbound/log/{id}`). That page carries
 the sending domain, the application it was submitted under, the Postfix
 queue id and the journal id, beside the message's history — when it was

docs/roadmap.md

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ in `git log` and [CHANGELOG.md](../CHANGELOG.md).
 | from-header-binding | Hold a message's `From:` header against the application that sends it | shipped `2.4.0` | 9/9 | [plans/from-header-binding.md](plans/from-header-binding.md) |
 | panel-redesign | Panel redesign (accepted mockups, design contract) | shipped `2.0.0` | 27/27 | [plans/panel-redesign.md](plans/panel-redesign.md) |
 | schema-squash | Squash SQLite migrations into a 2.x baseline | built in panel-redesign (stage 1) | — | [plans/panel-redesign.md](plans/panel-redesign.md) |
-| audit-2026-10-12 | Follow-ups of the 2026-10-12 full-tree code audit, seven stages | in progress (stage 0 shipped `2.4.2`, stages 1+2 `2.5.0`; next stage 2b → `2.5.1`) | 29/62 | [audit-2026-10-12.md](audit-2026-10-12.md) |
+| audit-2026-10-12 | Follow-ups of the 2026-10-12 full-tree code audit, seven stages | in progress (stage 0 shipped `2.4.2`, stages 1+2 `2.5.0`; next stage 2b → `2.5.1`) | 30/62 | [audit-2026-10-12.md](audit-2026-10-12.md) |
 
 **Recommended order** (not binding; owner, 2026-10-09: feature order follows
 development convenience): **panel-redesign** shipped as `2.0.0` (2026-10-11) and